Brain of Human

Brain (English : encephalon ) is a central nervous system ( CNS ) in vertebrates and many other invertebrates .
The human brain [ 1 ] is a central structure that has a volume setting around 1.350cc and consists of 100 million nerve cells or neurons . Brain organize and coordinated in large part, movement , behavior and homeostatic body functions such as heart rate , blood pressure , body fluid balance and body temperature . The human brain is responsible for setting the whole body and human thought . Therefore there is a strong link between the brain and thinking . Nerve cells inside the brain and is believed to affect human cognition . Knowledge of the brain affects the development of cognitive psychology . The brain is also responsible for functions such as recognition , emotion . memory, motor learning and all other forms of learning .
The brain is made up of two types of cells : neurons and glia . Glia serve to support and protect the neurons , whereas neurons carry information in the form of electrical pulses known as action potentials . They communicate with other neurons and throughout the body by sending a wide variety of chemicals called neurotransmitters . These neurotransmitters are sent on a gap known as a synapse . Invertebrates such as insects may have millions of neurons in the brain , large vertebrates can have up to a hundred billion neurons .
Neurons of the brain contains two types of fatty acids PUFA (English : polyunsaturated fatty acids ) , arachidonic acid ( AA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) which is located in the SN2 position of phosphoglycerides molecules in the cell membrane of neurons . [ 2 ] PUFAs regardless of phosphoglycerides by stimulation of phospholipase PLA - 2 . AA molecules released will be processed by the enzyme cyclo oxygenase into prostaglandins and tromboksana , or processed by the enzyme 5 - lipo oxygenase be lipoksin . Both AA and DHA can be processed by lipo oxygenase enzyme to form hydroxy derivatives and leukotriena .Parts of the human brain
In the vertebrate brain anatomy , brain is the front upper part of the brain . At this stage of development of the central nervous system , the developing forebrain and separated into a large brain and diencephalon . If in the embryo , the forebrain obstacles to develop into both lobes of this , there will be a condition called holoprosensefali (English : holoprosencephaly ) .cerebrum
Big brain is the most prominent part of the front of the forebrain . The brain consists of two hemispheres , the left and right hemispheres . Each body parts set and serve the opposite , the left hemisphere set the right part of the body and vice versa . If the left hemisphere of the brain impaired the right side of the body will be impaired , and even paralysis . Each front hemisphere is divided into four lobes frontal , parietal , okspital , and temporal . Between the frontal lobe and parietal lobes are separated by the central sulcus or crevice Rolando .
The term refers to structures embryonic telencephalon which later evolved into the cerebrum :

    Dorsal telencephalon or pallium develops into the cerebral cortex
    Ventral telencephalon or pallium evolved into a sub- basal ganglia .

Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of gray consisting of 15-33 billion neurons , each of which is connected to about 10,000 synapses , one cubic millimeter , there are approximately one billion synapses . Communication that occurs between neurons in the form of a long series of signal pulses called action potentials made ​​possible through protoplamik fiber called an axon that can be sent to the remote parts of the brain or body to find a specific cell receptors .
There are six layers of the cortex , the neocortex / isokorteks , arcikorteks , paleokorteks , allokorteks the folds so that the surface becomes wider with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm . Layers of the cortex there are different kinds of nerve centers that control memory , attention , perception , judgment , language and consciousness .the basal ganglia
The basal ganglia is a layer of white . The inner layer contains many nerve fibers , the dendrites and neurites
Large brain is the main nerve center , because it has a very important function in the regulation of all activities of the body , particularly with regard to intelligence ( intelligence ) , memory ( memory ) , awareness , and consideration .
In detail , the activity is controlled in different areas .

    In front of the middle of the gap ( central sulcus ) are the motor area which controls voluntary movement . At the very bottom of the motor cortex have a relationship with speech .
    Anterior regions of the frontal lobe associated with the ability to think .
    In the back ( posterior ) sulcus entralis a sensory area . In this area the various properties of the feelings felt then interpreted .
    Auditory area ( auditory ) is located in the temporal lobe . In this area , the impression or sounds are received and interpreted .
    Visual areas ( vision ) is located at the tip of the occipital lobe that receives the shadow and the shadow subsequently interpreted . As for the taste and smell center is located at the tip of the anterior temporal lobe .
diencephalon
Diencephalon (English : diencephalon , interbrain ) is a part of the brain that consists of :

    mid - diencephalic territory
        pretalamus / ventral thalamus / subthalamic , located below the hypothalamus gland . Nuclei form of zone incerta , thalamic reticular nucleus , and the fields of Forel . Pretalamus patterned SHH signal from the ZLI and after that make different connections to the striatum ( caudate nucleus and putamen ) in the forebrain , to the thalamus ( medial and lateral nucleus group ) in the cerebellum , and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the midbrain . Pretalamus suspected to have contributed to the control of consumption patterns including defecation and copulation .
        intratalamika limitan zone that serves as a signaling center like as a barrier between the cerebrum and thalamus and pretalamus .
        thalamus / dorsal thalamus which serves , among others, connect different parts of the cerebrum .
    hypothalamus , a control center of biological time , body temperature and the secretion of hormones and other biological functions . The hypothalamus is located at the base of the forebrain .
    epitalamus
    pretektum
midbrain
The brain is a central part of the brain that has the structure :

    tektum , consisting of 2 pairs of colliculi called corpora quadrigemina :
        inferior colliculi , is involved in auditory processing . Signals received from various brain stem nuclei of the thalamus projected toward the medial geniculate nucleus are called to be forwarded to the primary auditory cortex (English : the primary auditory cortex ) .
        superior colliculi , serve as early visual processing and eye movement control
    cerebral peduncle
        tegmentum is a multi - network of synapses that are involved in homeostasis and trajectory reflex system .
        crus cerebri
        substantia nigra
hindbrain
Hindbrain includes bridge Varol (English : the pons , pons Varolii ) , advanced marrow , and cerebellum . This forms the third part of the brain stem (English : the brainstem ) .

    Varol bridge contains nerve fibers that connect the left and right lobe of the cerebellum , as well as connecting the cerebellum with the cerebral cortex .

    Advanced marrow forming the lower part of the brain stem and the pons bridge connecting the spinal cord . A group of neurons in the reticular formation in the marrow advanced functions to control the respiratory system , and cranial nerve that controls the heart rate are also in the marrow . [ 3 ] It also acts as a central regulator of reflex physiology , air pressure , body temperature , dilation or constriction of blood vessels , digestive tract movement and secretion of digestive glands . Another function is to regulate reflexes , such as coughing , sneezing , and flashing .
cerebellumThe cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain . The cerebellum is located below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum . The cerebellum consists of two hemispheres and the surface is grooved . The function of the cerebellum is to regulate the attitude or posture, balance and coordination of muscle movements that occur consciously . In case of minor injury to the brain , can cause disturbances in attitudes and coordination of muscle movements . The movement became uncoordinated




source : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otak